D  

打白条 issue IOU

大额存单 certificate of deposit (CD)

大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts

大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline

大一统的银行体制 (all-in-one) mono-bank system

呆账（请见“坏账”）bad loans

呆账准备金 loan loss reserves (provisions)

呆滞贷款 idle loans

贷款沉淀 non-performing loans

贷款分类 loan classification

贷款限额管理 credit control; to impose credit ceiling

贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary (constraint) mechanism

代理国库 to act as fiscal agent

代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions

戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans

倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition

道德风险 moral hazard

地区差别 regional disparity

第一产业 the primary industry

第二产业 the secondary industry

第三产业 the service industry; the tertiary industry

递延资产 deferrable assets

订货不足 insufficient orders

定期存款 time deposits

定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources

东道国（请见“母国”）host country

独立核算 independent accounting

短期国债 treasury bills

对冲操作 sterilization operation; hedging

对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector

多种所有制形式 diversified ownership

E  

恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation

二级市场 secondary market

F

发行货币 to issue currency

发行总股本 total stock issue

法定准备金 required reserves; reserve requirement

法人股 institutional shares

法人股东 institutional shareholders

法治 rule of law

房地产投资 real estate investment

放松银根 to ease monetary policy

非现场稽核 off-site surveillance (or monitoring)

非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions

非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations

分税制 assignment of central and local taxes; tax assignment system

分业经营 segregation of financial business (services); division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions

风险暴露（风险敞口）risk exposure

风险管理 risk management

风险意识 risk awareness

风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios

风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard

服务事业收入 public service charges; user’s charges

扶贫 poverty alleviation

负增长 negative growth

复式预算制 double-entry budgeting; capital and current budgetary account
来源：中国人民银行